Mahometus Iqbal

Mahometus Iqbal (lingua Urdu محمد اقبال, Muḥammad Iqbāl), plerumque Iqbāl tantum appellatus, fuit poeta, politicus et philosophus Islamicus in India Britannica. Natus est Sialkot in urbe provinciae Pengabi die 9 Novembris 1877; mortem obiit Lahorii in eadem provincia die 21 Aprilis 1938. Inter auctores principales litterarum Urdu enumeratus, carmina tam Persice quam Urdu atque opera de philosophia politica et religione maxima parte Anglice scripsit. Creationem Pakistaniae taliter inspiravit ut hodie spiritualis Pakistaniae pater nuncupatur.

Matre Mussulmana pia, patre sectae Sufi adhaerente, Muhammad Iqbal Sialkot et Lahorii in urbibus educatus est, eo aevo Indiae Britannicae, nunc provinciae Pengabi Pakistanensis subiectis. Collegium Missionis Scoticae in urbe nativa frequentavit, ubi litteras Persicas et Arabicas imbibit apud professorem Syed Mir Hassan^(en). Mox in collegio Regiminis Lahorensi, discipulus professoris philosophiae Thomae Walker Arnold baccalaureatus est. Statim apud collegium Orientale in eadem urbe lector Arabicus factus, anno 1903 in collegio Regiminis lector philosophiae et oeconomiae factus est.^[1] Anno insequenti librum in lingua Urdu de scientia oeconomica edidit.

Anno 1905 Europam petivit. Collegium Trinitatis apud Cantabrigienses frequentavit, Ioannis McTaggart^(en) Georgius Gulielmus Fridericus HegelHegeliani discipulus. Ibi Reynoldum Nicholson^(en) socium huius collegii litterarumque Persicarum lectorem et interpretem cognovit.^[2] Apud Hospitium Lincolniense Londinii causidicus acceptus est. Anno 1907 in universitate Ludovico-Maximilianea Monacensi gradum doctoris ascendit, dissertatione submissa quam mox Anglice sub titulo The Development of Metaphysics in Persia divulgari curavit. In Indiam reditus rursus philosophiam litterasque Anglicas apud collegium Regiminis Lahorense docuit.

Anno 1911 causidicus operam dare coepit. His annis etiam carmina scribebat lingua Persica, philosophiam religionis Islamicae hoc modo evolvens. Liber Asrar-i-Khudi ("Secreta sui ipsius") anno 1915 prodit atque anno 1920 a Reynoldo Nicholson Cantabrigiensi Anglice versus est. Liber insequens Rumuz-i-Bekhudi anno 1917 prodit. Anno 1922 eques a Georgio V rege Britannico factus est propter opera litteraria.^[3]

Opera

sermone Urdu

1904^[4] : Ilm-ul-Iqtisad ("scientia oeconomica")
1924 : Bang-i-Dara Textus apud Internet Archive
1935 : Bal-i-Jibril Textus apud Internet Archive
1936 : Zarb-i Kalim Textus apud Internet Archive

sermone Persico

1915 : Asrar-i-Khudi
1917 : Rumuz-i-Bekhudi
1923 : Payam-i-Mashriq
1927 : Zabur-i-Ajam
1932 : Javid Nama
1936 : Pas Cheh Bayed Kard ai Aqwam-e-Sharq
1938 : Armughan-e-Hijaz (Persice, lingua Urdu) Textus

sermone Anglico

1908 : The Development of Metaphysics in Persia Textus apud Internet Archive
1930 : Six Lectures on the Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam
- editio aucta, 1934 : The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam Textus apud Internet Archive
1961 : Stray Reflections

Notae

↑ Tahir (2001) pp. 1167-1168
↑ Nicholson (1920) p. vii
↑ London Gazette 32782, 29 Decembris 1922, p. 2
↑ Tahir (2001) pp. 1168-1169

Bibliographia

Iqbal in Afgania cum Salomone Nadavi et Ross Masood

Editiones et versiones operum selectae

Kullīyāt-i Iqbāl Textus apud Internet Archive
Arthur J. Arberry, interpr., The Mysteries of Selflessness [Rumuz-i-Bekhudi]. Londinii, 1953 Textus apud Internet Archive
Johann Christoph Bürgel, interpr., Steppe im Staubkorn. Texte aus der Urdu-Dichtung Muhammad Iqbals. Freiburg im Üechtland, 1982
Javid Iqbal, Khurram Ali Shafique, edd., Stray Reflections: The Private Notebook of Muhammad Iqbal. 3a ed. Lahorii: Iqbal Academy Pakistan, 2006 Textus
Victor G. Kiernan, interpr., Poems from Iqbal. Karachi, 1999
David J. Matthews, interpr., Iqbal: a selection and translation of the Urdu verse. Londinii, 1993
Axel Monte, Thomas Stemmer, interprr., Die Wiederbelebung des religiösen Denkens im Islam. Berolini: Hans Schiler, 2004
Axel Monte, interpr., Streunende Gedanken. Monaci: Books Ex Oriente, 2012
Mir Mustansir, interpr., Tulip in the Desert: a selection of the poetry of Muhammad Iqbal. Monte Regio: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2000
R. A. Nicholson, interpr., The Secrets of the Self (Asrar-i-Khudi): a philosophical poem of Sheikh Muhammad Iqbal of Lahore. Londinii: Macmillan, 1920 Textus apud Internet Archive
Annemarie Schimmel, interpr., Das Buch der Ewigkeit (Javīdnāma), Übers. Annemarie Schimmel, München 1957
Annemarie Schimmel, interpr., Muhammad Iqbal, Botschaft des Ostens. Ausgewählte Werke. Tubingae: Horst Erdmann, 1977. ISBN 3-7711-0268-5
Syed Akbar Ali Shah, interpr., Gabriel’s Wing [Bal-i-Jibril]. Islamabad, 1979
Syed Akbar Ali Shah, interpr., The Rod of Moses [Zarb-i Kalim]. Lahorii, 1983
Eva de Vitray-Meyerovitch, interpr., Mohammed Iqbal: Reconstruire la pensée de l’Islam. Lutetiae: Adrien Maisonneuve, 1955
Eva de Vitray-Meyerovitch, Mohammed Achena, interprr., Mohammad Iqbal: Message de l’Orient. Lutetiae: Les Belles Lettres, 1956
Eva de Vitray-Meyerovitch, interpr., Mohammad Iqbal: Le Livre de l’éternité. Lutetiae: Albin Michel, 1962

Bibliographica

Abdul Ghani, Khwaja Nur Ilahi, Bibliography of Iqbal. Lahorii, 1955[?]
K. Abdul Waheed, A Bibliography of Iqbal. Karachi, 1965
Malik Mueen Nawaz Azhar, A Bibliography of Articles on Iqbal, 1900-1977. Lahorii, 1978.
Dieter Tailleu et al., A Descriptive Bibliography of Allama Muhammad Iqbal (1877-1938). Lovanii, 2000

De vita et opere

"Special Report: The enduring vision of Iqbal 1877–1938" in Dawn (9 Novembris 2017)
Hafeez Malik, ed., Iqbal: Poet-Philosopher of Pakistan. Novi Eboraci: Columbia University Press, 1971
- Hafeez Malik, Lynda P. Malik, "The Life of the Poet-Philosopher" in Malik, ed. (1971) pp. 3-35
Lini S. May, Iqbal: his life and times 1877–1938. Lahorii: Sh. Muhammad Ashraf, 1974
Mir Mustansir, Iqbal. Londinii: I. B. Tauris, 2006. ISBN 1-84511-094-3.
Khurram Ali Shafique, Iqbal: his life and our times. Lahorii: Iqbal Academy Pakistan, 2014. ISBN 978-0-9571416-6-7
Khurram Ali Shafique, Iqbal: an illustrated biography. Lahorii: Iqbal Academy Pakistan, 2006
Iqbal Singh, The Ardent Pilgrim: An introduction to the life and work of Muhammad Iqbal. Londinii: Longmans, Green, 1951

De philosophia

Abdennour Bidar, L'Islam face à la mort de Dieu: Actualité de Mohammed Iqbal. Lutetiae: François Bourin, 2010
Souleymane Bachir Diagne, Islam et société ouverte: La fidélité et le mouvement dans la philosophie d'Iqbal. Lutetiae: Maisonneuve et Larose, 2001
Souleymane Bachir Diagne, Bergson postcolonial: L'élan vital dans la pensée de Léopold Sédar Senghor et de Mohamed Iqbal. Lutetiae: CNRS éditions, 2011
Riffat Hassan, An Iqbal Primer: An introduction to Iqbal’s philosophy. Lahorii: Aziz, 1979
Annemarie Schimmel, Gabriel's Wing: A study of the religious ideas of Sir Muhammad Iqbal. Lugduni Batavorum: Brill, 1963
Singh Sevea, The Political Philosophy of Muhammad Iqbal: Islam and nationalism in late colonial India. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press, 2012

De litteris

Anil Bhatti, "Iqbal and Goethe" in Yearbook of the Goethe Society of India (1999/2000) pp. 184-201
Shamsur Rahman Faruqi, "How to Read Iqbal" in Annual of Urdu Studies vol. 20 (2005)
Pervez Tahir, "Introducing Iqbal the Economist" in Pakistan Development Review vol. 40 no. 4ii (2001) pp. 1167–1176
Gerald Zarr, "Muhammad Iqbal's Caravan of Verse" in Aramco World (Septembri 2012)

Aliae encyclopaediae

Riffat Hassan, "Iqbal, Muhammad (1877–1938)" in Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy (1998: situs venalis)
Sheila D. McDonough, "Sir Muhammad Iqbal" in Encyclopedia Britannica Online
Annemarie Schimmel, "Iqbal, Muhammad" in Encyclopedia Iranica Online (2004/2012)
Annemarie Schimmel, "Ikbal" in Encyclopaedia of Islam, nova ed., vol. 3 (Lugduni Batavorum: Brill, 1998) pp. 1057–1059
M. Shabbir Ahsen, "Iqbal, Muhammad (1877–1938)" in The Oxford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Science, and Technology in Islam (Oxonii, 2014) vol. 1 pp. 400-403 (Paginae selectae apud Google Books)
Bilgehan Yıldız, Siavash Saffari, "Iqbal, Muhammad (1877–1938)" in Islam: A Worldwide Encyclopedia (ABC-CLIO, 2017) vol. 2 pp. 733-737 (Paginae selectae apud Google Books)

Nexus externi

Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Mahometus Iqbal spectant (Allama Iqbal, Muhammad Iqbal).

Alifseye, poemata Urdu Allama Iqbal, 16 Novembris 2016.
Bibliotheca interretialis Iqbal.
The collection of Urdu poems: Columbia University.
Allama Iqbal Urdu Poetry Collection.
Dr. Sir Muhammad Iqbal: situs de vita et opere
- "Biography" apud situm Dr. Sir Muhammad Iqba'
Ghulam Hussain Malik, "Allama Muhammad Iqbal: Poet-philosopher of Pakistan" apud Maverick Pakistanis
"Allama Muhammad Iqbal Philosopher, poet, and Political leader"
Khurram Ali Shafique, "An extensive timeline of Allama Iqbal’s life"
Tahir Gul Hasan, "Allama Iqbal: A letter to The Times"; "Iqbal at Close Range"; "Iqbal in Love with Emma Wegenast"

[1] Tahir (2001) pp. 1167-1168

[2] Nicholson (1920) p. vii

[3] London Gazette 32782, 29 Decembris 1922, p. 2

[4] Tahir (2001) pp. 1168-1169

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